CHAPTER TWO : IDENTIFYING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

 IDENTIFYING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Competitive Advantages - a product or service that an organization's customers place a greater value on than similar offerings from a competitors.

First-mover Advantages - occurs when an organization can significantly impact its market share by being the first to market with a competitive advantage.

Environment Scanning - the acquisition and analysis of events and trends in the environment external to an organization. It is also known as Competitive Intelligent. 

PORTER'S FIVE FORCES MODEL

             

           - Buyer Power

·         High – when buyers have many choices of whom to buy

·         Low – when their choices are few

·         To reduce buyer power (and create competitive advantage), an organization must make it more attractive to buy from the company not from the competitors

·         Best practices of IT based

 -  Loyalty program in travel industry, for example rewards on free airline tickets or hotel stays

The Competitive Environment

Bargaining Power of Customers/Buyer Power

• Customers can grow large and powerful as a result of their market share
• Many choices of whom to buy from
•  Low when comes to limited items
• Example, used loyalty programs (Jusco card, Tesco card, being a members to get the discount)

Supplier Power

·         High – when buyers have few choices of whom to buy from

·         Low – when their choices are many

-    Best practices of IT to create competitive advantage

-    Example, B2B marketplace – private exchange allow a single buyer to posts it needs and then open the bidding to any supplier who would care to bid. Reverse auctionis an auction format in which increasingly lower bids

An organization within the Supply Chain

• -Supplier power is the converse of buyer power          

Threat of Substitute products and services

·         High – when there are many alternatives to a product or service

·         Low – when there are few alternatives from which to choose

·         Ideally, an organization would like to be on a market in which there are few substitutes of their product or services

- Best practices of IT

- Example, Electronic product – same functions different brands

The Competitive Environment

Threat of Substitutes

• -          To the extent that customers can use different products to fulfill the same need, the threat of substitutes exists
• -Example, electrical product – same function different brands          
• -          Switching cost – costs can make customer reluctant to switch to another product or service

Threat of new entrants

·         High – when it is easy for new competitors to enter a market

·         Low – when there are significant entry barriers to entering a market

·         Entry barriers is a product or service feature that customers have come to except from organizations and must be offered by entering organization to complete and survive

·         Best practices of IT

-     Example, new bank must offers online paying bills, acc. monitoring to compete

The Competitive Environment

Threat of New Entrants

• -Many threats come from companies that do not yet exist or have a presence in a given industry or market          
• -The threat of new entrants forces top management to monitor the trends, especially in technology, that might give rise to new competitors          
• -Example, new bank (online paying bills, acc. monitoring)          

Rivalry among existence competitors

·         High – when competition is fierce in a market

·         Low – when competition is more complacent

·         Best practices of IT

-    Wal-Mart and its suppliers using IT – enabled system for communication and track product at aisles by effective tagging system

-    Reduce cost by using effective supply chain

The Competitive Environment

Rivalry Among Existing Firms

• -Existing competitors are not much of the threat: typically each firm has found its “niche”.          
• -However, changes in management, ownership, or “the rules of the game” can give rise to serious threats to long term survival from existing firms          
• -Example, the airline industry faces serious threats from airlines operating in bankruptcy, who do not the debts while slashing fares against those healthy airlines who do pay on debt. (MAS & AIR ASIA)          

PORTER'S THREE GENERIC STRATEGIES

VALUE CREATION 

Business Process - a standardized set of activities that accomplish a specific task, such as processing a customer's orders.
Value Chain- views an organization as a series of processes each of which adds value to the product or service for each customer

Competitive Advantages :

• Target high value-adding activities to further enhance their value
• Target low value-adding activities to increase their value 
• Perform some combination of the two